TEORÍA Y PRÁCTICA

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Lección 4. Lines

Dificultad:

Tarea«Empresa de marketing»

💻 Python

imagina que trabajas como un marketer junior en una gran empresa deportiva. Tu marca ha adquirido recientemente otra empresa menos conocida. Tu tarea & mdash; actualizar urgentemente todos los textos publicitarios antiguos, reemplazando la mención de la marca antigua por una nueva, "Adidas". Para no hacer esto manualmente y cometer errores, decidiste escribir un pequeño programa.

tarea: & nbsp; escribe un programa que reciba dos cadenas de entrada: primero el texto publicitario, y luego el nombre de la marca que debe ser reemplazada. El programa debe reemplazar todas las apariciones de esta marca en el texto por la palabra "adidas" y mostrar el texto actualizado en la pantalla.

una condición importante: el nombre de la marca puede estar en cualquier lugar de la oración y después de él puede haber un signo de puntuación (por ejemplo, un punto, una coma o un signo de exclamación). Tu programa debe procesar correctamente estos casos, reemplazando la marca pero conservando el signo de puntuación en su lugar.

Formato de entrada

La primera línea: texto publicitario (cadena).
La segunda línea: el nombre de la marca a reemplazar.

Formato de salida

Una línea: el texto modificado, donde todas las referencias a la marca antigua se reemplazan por "adidas" (cadena).

Ejemplo

Entrada

Compra zapatillas NewBalance. ¡Los mejores zapatos son NewBalance.
NewBalance

Salida

¡Compra zapatillas Adidas! Los mejores zapatos son adidas.

Pista

methods for working with strings in python

Python provides many built-in methods for working with strings. These are powerful tools that make it easy to manipulate text data. All methods are called with a dot after the variable in which the string is stored, according to the variable scheme.method().

It is important to remember that strings in Python are immutable. This means that none of the methods changes the original string. Instead, they return a new string with the changes applied.

Basic methods for working with strings

1. upper() and lower()

Convert all characters of the string to upper or lower case, respectively.

string = "Hello, World!"
print(string.upper()) # Output: HELLO, WORLD!
print(string.lower()) # Output: hello, world!
print(string) # Output: Hello, World! (the original line has not changed)

A useful tip: These methods are indispensable when you need to compare case-insensitive strings. For example, when checking user input.

user_input = "Yes"
if user_input.lower() =="yes":
print("The user agrees.")

2. strip(), lstrip() and rstrip()

Remove whitespace characters (spaces, tabs, line breaks) from the beginning and end of the line. lstrip() deletes only on the left, and rstrip() deletes only on the right.

string = "  Hello, World!  "
print(string.strip()) # Output: Hello, World!
print(string.lstrip()) # Output: Hello, World!  
print(string.rstrip()) # Output: Hello, World!

A useful tip: These are extremely important methods for "cleaning" data obtained from files or from users, who often accidentally leave unnecessary spaces. As an argument, you can pass a string of characters that need to be deleted.

dirty_string = "!!!Hello, World!?! "
print(dirty_string.strip(" !?")) # Output: Hello, World

3. split() and join()

split() splits a string into a list of substrings using the specified separator. join() collects a string from the list items by inserting a separator string between them.

string = "Hello, World!"
words =string.split(", ")
print(words) # Output: ['Hello', 'World!']

# Reverse operation
joined_string = " | ".join(words)
print(joined_string) # Output: Hello | World!

A useful tip: split() is a standard method for parsing (parsing) data presented as a string, for example, CSV files. join() is the most efficient ("pythonic") way to assemble one large string from many small ones. It works much faster than adding strings in a loop using +.

4. find() and replace()

find() searches for the first occurrence of a substring and returns its index (position). If the substring is not found, returns -1. replace() replaces all occurrences of one substring with another.

string = "Hello, World!"
index = string.find("World")
print(index) # Output: 7

new_string = string.replace("World", "Python")
print(new_string) # Output: Hello, Python!

A useful tip: There is an analog of the find() index() method.. It does the same thing, but if the substring is not found, it raises the error ValueError. Use find() if the absence of a substring is a normal situation, and index(), if it should interrupt the execution of the program. The replace() method can also accept a third argument - the number of substitutions to be made.

5. startswith() and endswith()

They check whether the string begins or ends with a specific substring. Returns True or False.

string = "Hello, World!"
print(string.startswith("Hello")) # Output: True
print(string.endswith("World!"))   # Output: True
print(string.startswith("Bye"))    # Output: False

A useful tip: It is very convenient for quick checking of file formats (filename.endswith(".txt")) or link types (url.startswith("https")).

6. isdigit(), isalpha() and isalnum()

They check what the string consists of.

isdigit(): True if all characters are numbers.
isalpha(): True if all characters are letters.
isalnum(): True if all characters are letters or numbers.

string1 = "12345"
string2 = "Hello"
string3 = "Hello123"

print(f"'{string1}' consists of digits? {string1.isdigit()}")   # Output: True
print(f"'{string2}' consists of letters? {string2.isalpha()}")   # Output: True
print(f"'{string3}' consists of letters and numbers? {string3.isalnum()}") # Output: True
print(f"'{string2}' consists of digits? {string2.isdigit()}") # Output: False

A useful tip: These methods are ideal for validating user input before attempting to convert a string to a number or using it further in the program.

A complete guide to methods

Below is a table with a more complete list of string methods for quick reference.

Method	Purpose
`S.find(str, [start],[end])`	Search for a substring in a string. Returns the number of the first occurrence or -1.
`S.rfind(str, [start],[end])`	Search for a substring in a string. Returns the number of the last occurrence or -1.
`S.index(str, [start],[end])`	Search for a substring in a string. Returns the number of the first occurrence or causes a `ValueError`.
`S.rindex(str, [start],[end])`	Search for a substring in a string. Returns the number of the last occurrence or causes a `ValueError`.
`S.replace(template, replacement[, maxcount])`	Replace the template with a replacement. `maxcount` limits the number of substitutions.
`S.split(character)`	Splitting a line by separator.
`S.isdigit()`	Whether the string consists of numbers.
`S.isalpha()`	Whether the string consists of letters.
`S.isalnum()`	Whether the string consists of numbers or letters.
`S.islower()`	Whether the string consists of lowercase characters.
`S.isupper()`	Whether the string consists of uppercase characters.
`S.isspace()`	Whether the string consists of non-displayed characters (space, `\f`, `\n`, `\r`, `\t`, `\v`).
`S.istitle()`	Whether words in a line begin with a capital letter.
`S.upper()`	Converting a string to uppercase.
`S.lower()`	Converting a string to lowercase.
`S.startswith(str)`	Does the string S start with the template `str`.
`S.endswith(str)`	Does line S end with the `str` template.
`S.join(list)`	Assembling a line from a list separated by S.
`ord(character)`	Converts a character to its ASCII/Unicode code.
`chr(number)`	Converts the ASCII/Unicode code to a character.
`S.capitalize()`	Converts the first character of the string to uppercase, and all the others to lowercase.
`S.center(width, [fill])`	Returns a centered string with the `fill` character at the edges (space by default).
`S.count(str, [start],[end])`	Returns the number of disjoint occurrences of a substring.
`S.expandtabs([tabsize])`	Replaces the tab characters `\t` with spaces.
`S.lstrip([chars])`	Deleting specified characters (or spaces) at the beginning of a line.
`S.rstrip([chars])`	Deleting specified characters (or spaces) at the end of a line.
`S.strip([chars])`	Deleting specified characters (or spaces) at the beginning and end of a line.
`S.partition(template)`	Divides a string by the first occurrence of the separator into three parts: before, the separator itself, and after.
`S.rpartition(sep)`	Divides the string by the last occurrence of the separator into three parts: before, the separator itself, and after.
`S.swapcase()`	Converts lowercase characters to uppercase, and uppercase characters to lowercase.
`S.title()`	Translates the first letter of each word to uppercase, and all the others to lowercase.
`S.zfill(width)`	Adds zeros to the left of the string to the length `width`.
`S.ljust(width, fillchar=" ")`	Aligns the line to the left, adding the characters `fillchar` to the right.
`S.rjust(width, fillchar=" ")`	Aligns the line to the right, adding `fillchar` characters to the left.
`S.format(args, *kwargs)`	String formatting (a more modern alternative to `%`).

main.py

Prueba 1

Prueba 2

Prueba 3

Prueba 4

Prueba 5

Prueba 6

Prueba 7

Prueba 8

Prueba 9

Prueba 10

Solución del desarrollador

# Получаем исходный текст от пользователя
source_text = input()
# Получаем название бренда, который нужно заменить
old_brand = input()

# Разбиваем весь текст на отдельные слова по пробелу
words = source_text.split(' ')

# Создаем пустой список, куда будем складывать новые слова
result_words = []

# Запускаем цикл, который перебирает каждое слово из списка words
for word in words:
    # Запоминаем знак препинания, если он есть в конце слова
    punctuation = ''
    # Проверяем, что слово не пустое и последний символ - один из знаков препинания
    if word and word[-1] in '.,!?:;':
        punctuation = word[-1]  # Сохраняем этот знак
        clean_word = word[:-1]  # Убираем знак из слова для сравнения
    else:
        clean_word = word # Если знака нет, чистое слово - это само слово

    # Сравниваем "чистое" слово со старым брендом
    if clean_word == old_brand:
        # Если совпало, добавляем в наш итоговый список 'Adidas' и знак препинания
        result_words.append('Adidas' + punctuation)
    else:
        # Если не совпало, просто добавляем оригинальное слово (с его знаком препинания)
        result_words.append(word)

# Соединяем слова из списка result_words обратно в одну строку через пробел
final_text = ' '.join(result_words)

# Выводим итоговый текст на экран
print(final_text)

🎉 ¡Felicidades! 🎉

¡Has resuelto la tarea brillantemente! Era un reto difícil, pero encontraste la solución correcta. ¡Estás un paso más cerca de dominar la programación! Sigue así, cada etapa superada te hace más fuerte.