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🎉 ¡Felicidades! 🎉
¡Has resuelto la tarea brillantemente! Era un reto difícil, pero encontraste la solución correcta. ¡Estás un paso más cerca de dominar la programación! Sigue así, cada etapa superada te hace más fuerte.
Lección 2. Conditions
Dificultad:
Tarea«Agente secreto»
💻 Python
Tú — agente secreto en una misión secreta. Tu objetivo — infiltrarte en un almacén protegido. La puerta del almacén está equipada con una cerradura de código, que acepta tres números enteros. El sistema de seguridad del castillo reacciona a las combinaciones de los números ingresados según las siguientes reglas:
- si los tres números son pares , la cerradura considera la combinación correcta y la puerta se abre.
- si los tres números son impares , el sistema reconoce el intento de selección y activa la alarma.
- si entre los números hay pares y impares , la cerradura define la combinación como incorrecta y ofrece intentarlo de nuevo.
Necesitas escribir un programa que solicite tres números de código e informe el resultado para que sepas exactamente qué sucedió después de ingresar la combinación.
Formato de entrada
Tres enteros (Integer), cada uno se introduce en una nueva línea. Estos números son un código para el castillo.
Formato de salida
El mensaje sobre el resultado de la verificación del código (cadena de texto).
Ejemplo
Entrada
8
10
2
Salida
La puerta está abierta. La tarea está completada.
Pista
Nested conditions
You can nest some conditional statements (if) into others to create more complex and multi-level checks. This is useful when the next action depends on several consecutive conditions.
The key point here is the correct indentation (usually 4 spaces), which shows Python which block of code belongs to which condition.
Example:
x = 10
if x > 5:
print("First check passed: x is greater than 5.")
if x < 20:
print("Second check passed: x is also less than 20.")
else:
print("Second check failed: x is at least 20.")
else:
print("First check failed: x is less than or equal to 5.")
A useful tip: Try not to create too many nesting levels (3 or more). Deeply embedded code becomes difficult to read and understand. Often, complex nesting can be simplified by using logical operators.
Logical operators
Logical operators in Python are used to combine two or more conditions. They allow you to build complex logic without putting conditions into each other. The main logical operators are and, or and not.
| The | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
or |
logical "OR" | Returns True if at least one condition is true. |
and |
logical "And" | Returns True only if both conditions are true. |
not |
logical "NOT" (negation) | Inverts the result: True becomes False and vice versa. |
Examples:
a = 5
b = 7
# and: both conditions must be true
s1 = a > 3 and b < 10 # True and True -> True
# or: at least one condition must be true
s2 = a != 5 or b >= 7 # False or True -> True
# not: inverts the result
s3 = not (a < b) # not (True) -> False
When using and, the result will be true only if both operands are true. When using or, it is sufficient for at least one of the operands to be true. The not operator turns a lie into the truth and vice versa.
Analysis of a complex example:
a, b, c = 7, 10, 11
# Original expression:
print(not(a > 7 and b <= 10) or c != 17)
# Let's take it step by step:
# 1. a > 7 -> 7 > 7 -> False
# 2. b <= 10 -> 10 <= 10 -> True
# 3. (False and True) -> False
# 4. not(False) -> True
# 5. c != 17 -> 11 != 17 -> True
# 6. True or True -> True
# Result: True
A useful tip: To improve readability and avoid errors in complex expressions, always use parentheses () to explicitly specify the order of calculations, even if you remember the precedence of operators (not has the highest priority, then and, then or).
The ternary operator
The ternary operator is a compact way to write a simple if-else condition that returns a value. It allows you to assign a variable a value depending on the condition, and all this in one line.
Syntax: [value if true] if [condition] else [value if false]
Examples:
x = 10
# If x > 5, result will be 100, otherwise 200
result = 100 if x > 5 else 200
print(result) # Will output: 100
y = 20
# Assign the larger of the two values to the variable z
z = x if x > y else y
print(z) # Outputs: 20
# Assign a text value
result_text = "positive" if x > 0 else "non-positive"
print(result_text) # Outputs: positive
A useful tip: The ternary operator is great for simple assignments. However, if the logic becomes more complicated or if, depending on the condition, you need to perform different actions (rather than just return a value), it is better to use a full-fledged if-else construct to preserve the readability of the code.
One-line conditions
If the condition body (if, elif, or else) consists of only one instruction, Python allows you to write it in the same line after the colon.
Example:
x = 10
if x > 5: print("x is greater than 5")
Important style note: Although this notation is syntactically correct, it is often not recommended by the Python Code Style Guide (PEP 8). Placing instructions on a separate line with indentation improves readability and is a generally accepted standard. Use a one-line entry with care, mostly for very simple and obvious actions.
main.py
Prueba 1
Prueba 2
Prueba 3
Prueba 4
Prueba 5
Prueba 6
Prueba 7
Prueba 8
Prueba 9
Prueba 10
Solución del desarrollador
# Запрашиваем у пользователя три целых числа, каждое с новой строки
num1 = int(input()) # Сохраняем первое число в переменную num1
num2 = int(input()) # Сохраняем второе число в переменную num2
num3 = int(input()) # Сохраняем третье число в переменную num3
# Проверяем, являются ли все три числа чётными
# Число является чётным, если остаток от его деления на 2 равен 0
if num1 % 2 == 0 and num2 % 2 == 0 and num3 % 2 == 0:
# Если условие истинно, выводим сообщение об успехе
print("Дверь открыта. Задание выполнено.")
# Если первое условие ложно, проверяем, являются ли все три числа нечётными
# Число является нечётным, если остаток от его деления на 2 не равен 0
elif num1 % 2 != 0 and num2 % 2 != 0 and num3 % 2 != 0:
# Если это условие истинно, выводим сообщение о провале
print("Активирована система безопасности. Задание провалено.")
# Если ни одно из предыдущих условий не выполнилось, значит, числа смешанные
else:
# Выводим сообщение о неверной комбинации
print("Неверная комбинация. Попробуйте снова.")
