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Leçon 1. Entering and output of data
Difficulté :
Exercice«Contribution bancaire»
💻 Python
Imaginez que vous vous rendez à la banque Golden Ruble pour ouvrir un dépôt. Le gestionnaire vous propose un programme avec une capitalisation mensuelle des intérêts. Cela signifie que chaque mois, les intérêts accumulés sont ajoutés au montant principal du dépôt, et le mois suivant, les intérêts seront calculés sur le nouveau montant augmenté.
Après un certain nombre de mois, il calcule également votre bénéfice net provenant du dépôt. Comme il y aura beaucoup de chiffres après la virgule, prenons uniquement la partie entière du nombre.
Format d entrée
le programme reçoit trois valeurs en entrée, chacune sur une nouvelle ligne :
rn- rn
- Première ligne : le montant initial du dépôt (peut être un nombre fractionnaire). rn
- Deuxième ligne : le taux d'intérêt annuel (peut être un nombre fractionnaire). rn
- Troisième ligne : la durée du dépôt en mois (nombre entier). rn
Format de sortie
le programme doit afficher deux lignes :
rn- rn
- dans la première ligne : Texte : & nbsp;
Le montant total sur le compte :et après un espace, le montant total (int). Texte : & nbsp;bénéfice net :et après un espace, le montant du bénéfice net (int). rn
Exemple
Entrée
100000
12
3
Sortie
Le montant total sur le compte : 103030.1
Bénéfice calculé : 3030
Indice
Reading multiple variables from a single line
Python has a convenient way to count multiple variables in a single input() call. This is especially useful in tasks where data is served in a single line, separated by some character (most often a space).
How it works:
input()reads the entire string, for example"20 30".- The
.split()method "cuts" this string by the specified separator (by default, by a space) and creates a list of strings:['20', '30']. - Function
map(int, ...)applies theint(integer conversion) function to each element of this list. The result is a specialmapobject. - Finally, Python "unpacks" this object using the variables
aandb.
Example: Input:
20 30
Reading:
a, b = map(int, input().split()) # float can be used if fractional numbers are needed
print(a, b) # outputs 20 30
print(type(a)) # outputs <class 'int'>
Useful tips:
- If the numbers are separated not by a space, but, for example, by a comma (input:
20,30), specify this in thesplit()method:input().split(','). - Make sure that the number of variables to the left of
=matches the number of values in the row. If they do not match, the program will return the errorValueError.
Three types of division
There are three different division operators in Python, and each one serves a different purpose.
-
/Ordinary (real) division This operator always returns a fractional number (float) as a result, even if the numbers are completely divisible.a = 27 b = 10 print(a/5) # outputs 5.4 print(b/2) # outputs 5.0 (note, not 5, but 5.0) -
//Integer division This operator performs division and discards the fractional part, returning an integer (int). It sort of answers the question "how many times does one number fit entirely into another?".a = 27 print(a// 5) # outputs 5 (because 5 is placed in 27 five full times) -
%The remainder of the division (modulo division) This operator returns what is "left" after the integer division.a = 27 print(a %5) # outputs 2 Logic: the nearest number to 27 that is divisible by 5 without remainder is 25. # Difference: 27-25 = 2.
Practical application %: The most common use of the % operator is the parity check. Any even number is divisible by 2 without remainder, and an odd number is divisible by 1.
a = 27
b = 14
print(f"Is {a} an odd number? The remainder of the division by 2: {a %2}") # outputs 1
print(f"Is {b} an even number? The remainder of the division by 2: {b %2}") # outputs 0
Exponentiation
To exponentiate a number in Python, the ** operator is used.
a = 2
b = 3
print(a**3) # outputs 8 (2 to the power of 3)
print(b**2) # outputs 9(3 to the power of 2)
Useful tips:
- To extract the square root, you can raise the number to the power of
0.5.print(9**0.5) # outputs 3.0 - There is also a built-in function
pow(a,b)that does the same thing asa**b.print(pow(2, 3)) # outputs 8
print() function and string formatting
The print() function outputs data to the screen. Simply adding strings and variables using + is inconvenient, since numbers need to be constantly converted into strings using str(). Modern Python offers more elegant ways.
f-strings (f-strings) - recommended method: This is the most modern, fastest and most readable way. The string is preceded by the letter f, and variables or expressions are specified inside curly braces {}.
name = "Alice"
age = 30
print(f"Name: {name}, Age: {age}")
# Output: Name: Alice, Age: 30
Advantage: you can perform operations right inside the brackets.
print(f"In a year she will be {age + 1}")
# Conclusion: In a year she will be 31
The .format() method is an older, but still relevant method: Empty curly braces {} are placed in the line, and after the line the .format() method is called, to which variables are passed.
name = "Alice"
age = 30
print("Name: {}, Age: {}".format(name, age))
# Output: Name: Alice, Age: 30
Useful tips for print():
- Separator
sep: By default,printseparates its arguments with a space. This can be changed.print(1, 2, 3, sep="-") # outputs 1-2-3 - Ending
end: By default,printadds a newline after the output\n. This can also be changed so that the following print outputs continue on the same line.print("Hello,", end="") print("world!") # The output will be in one line: Hello, world!
main.py
Test 1
Test 2
Test 3
Test 4
Test 5
Test 6
Test 7
Test 8
Solution du développeur
# Считываем начальные данные, преобразуя их в нужные типы
initial_sum = float(input())
annual_rate = float(input())
months = int(input())
# Вычисляем месячную процентную ставку в долях от единицы
monthly_rate = annual_rate / 12 / 100
# Рассчитываем итоговую сумму по формуле сложных процентов
final_sum = initial_sum * (1 + monthly_rate) ** months
# Рассчитываем чистую прибыль
profit = final_sum - initial_sum
# Выводим результат
print("Итоговая сумма на счете:", int(final_sum))
print("Чистая прибыль:", int(profit))
