FR
RU
EN
ES
ZH
DE
PT
AR
HI
🎉 Félicitations ! 🎉
Tu as brillamment résolu la tâche ! C était difficile, mais tu as trouvé la bonne solution. Tu es encore plus proche de maîtriser la programmation ! Continue ainsi.
Leçon 1. Entering and output of data
Difficulté :
Exercice«Vendredi noir»
💻 Python
Vous prévoyez de faire des achats pendant le Black Friday et souhaitez connaître le coût final des articles. L'utilisateur saisit le prix des articles et le pourcentage de réduction. Le programme calcule le coût final des articles en tenant compte des réductions et affiche le résultat entier. Il y a toujours trois articles.
Format d entrée
Trois lignes. Chaque ligne contient deux entiers séparés par un espace : d'abord le prix du bien, puis le pourcentage de la réduction.
Format de sortie
une ligne avec le texte "taking into account the discount, you will spend:" et le montant entier final de tous les achats.
Exemple
Entrée
5000 15
1000 30
2000 50
Sortie
Étant donné la réduction, vous dépenserez : 5950 rub.
Indice
Reading multiple variables from a single line
Python has a convenient way to count multiple variables in a single input() call. This is especially useful in tasks where data is served in a single line, separated by some character (most often a space).
How it works:
input()reads the entire string, for example"20 30".- The
.split()method "cuts" this string by the specified separator (by default, by a space) and creates a list of strings:['20', '30']. - Function
map(int, ...)applies theint(integer conversion) function to each element of this list. The result is a specialmapobject. - Finally, Python "unpacks" this object using the variables
aandb.
Example: Input:
20 30
Reading:
a, b = map(int, input().split()) # float can be used if fractional numbers are needed
print(a, b) # outputs 20 30
print(type(a)) # outputs <class 'int'>
Useful tips:
- If the numbers are separated not by a space, but, for example, by a comma (input:
20,30), specify this in thesplit()method:input().split(','). - Make sure that the number of variables to the left of
=matches the number of values in the row. If they do not match, the program will return the errorValueError.
Three types of division
There are three different division operators in Python, and each one serves a different purpose.
-
/Ordinary (real) division This operator always returns a fractional number (float) as a result, even if the numbers are completely divisible.a = 27 b = 10 print(a/5) # outputs 5.4 print(b/2) # outputs 5.0 (note, not 5, but 5.0) -
//Integer division This operator performs division and discards the fractional part, returning an integer (int). It sort of answers the question "how many times does one number fit entirely into another?".a = 27 print(a// 5) # outputs 5 (because 5 is placed in 27 five full times) -
%The remainder of the division (modulo division) This operator returns what is "left" after the integer division.a = 27 print(a %5) # outputs 2 Logic: the nearest number to 27 that is divisible by 5 without remainder is 25. # Difference: 27-25 = 2.
Practical application %: The most common use of the % operator is the parity check. Any even number is divisible by 2 without remainder, and an odd number is divisible by 1.
a = 27
b = 14
print(f"Is {a} an odd number? The remainder of the division by 2: {a %2}") # outputs 1
print(f"Is {b} an even number? The remainder of the division by 2: {b %2}") # outputs 0
Exponentiation
To exponentiate a number in Python, the ** operator is used.
a = 2
b = 3
print(a**3) # outputs 8 (2 to the power of 3)
print(b**2) # outputs 9(3 to the power of 2)
Useful tips:
- To extract the square root, you can raise the number to the power of
0.5.print(9**0.5) # outputs 3.0 - There is also a built-in function
pow(a,b)that does the same thing asa**b.print(pow(2, 3)) # outputs 8
print() function and string formatting
The print() function outputs data to the screen. Simply adding strings and variables using + is inconvenient, since numbers need to be constantly converted into strings using str(). Modern Python offers more elegant ways.
f-strings (f-strings) - recommended method: This is the most modern, fastest and most readable way. The string is preceded by the letter f, and variables or expressions are specified inside curly braces {}.
name = "Alice"
age = 30
print(f"Name: {name}, Age: {age}")
# Output: Name: Alice, Age: 30
Advantage: you can perform operations right inside the brackets.
print(f"In a year she will be {age + 1}")
# Conclusion: In a year she will be 31
The .format() method is an older, but still relevant method: Empty curly braces {} are placed in the line, and after the line the .format() method is called, to which variables are passed.
name = "Alice"
age = 30
print("Name: {}, Age: {}".format(name, age))
# Output: Name: Alice, Age: 30
Useful tips for print():
- Separator
sep: By default,printseparates its arguments with a space. This can be changed.print(1, 2, 3, sep="-") # outputs 1-2-3 - Ending
end: By default,printadds a newline after the output\n. This can also be changed so that the following print outputs continue on the same line.print("Hello,", end="") print("world!") # The output will be in one line: Hello, world!
main.py
Test 1
Test 2
Test 3
Test 4
Test 5
Test 6
Test 7
Solution du développeur
# Считываем данные для первого товара
price1_str, discount1_str = input().split()
price1 = int(price1_str)
discount1 = int(discount1_str)
# Считываем данные для второго товара
price2_str, discount2_str = input().split()
price2 = int(price2_str)
discount2 = int(discount2_str)
# Считываем данные для третьего товара
price3_str, discount3_str = input().split()
price3 = int(price3_str)
discount3 = int(discount3_str)
# Рассчитываем итоговую стоимость каждого товара
final_price1 = price1 * (1 - discount1 / 100)
final_price2 = price2 * (1 - discount2 / 100)
final_price3 = price3 * (1 - discount3 / 100)
# Складываем стоимости и получаем общую сумму
total_cost = final_price1 + final_price2 + final_price3
# Выводим результат, преобразовав его в целое число
print("С учетом скидки вы потратите:", int(total_cost), "руб.")
