PHP If/Else, Switch, and Loops

If / Elseif / Else

<?php
$score = 85;

if ($score >= 90) {
    echo "A — Excellent!";
} elseif ($score >= 80) {
    echo "B — Good";
} elseif ($score >= 70) {
    echo "C — Average";
} else {
    echo "F — Fail";
}
// Output: B — Good

Ternary Operator

<?php
$age = 20;
$status = ($age >= 18) ? "adult" : "minor";
echo $status; // adult

// Null coalescing operator ??
$username = $_GET["user"] ?? "guest";
echo $username; // "guest" if no GET param

Switch Statement

<?php
$day = "Monday";
switch ($day) {
    case "Saturday":
    case "Sunday":
        echo "Weekend!";
        break;
    case "Monday":
        echo "Start of the week";
        break;
    default:
        echo "Weekday";
}

For Loop

<?php
for ($i = 1; $i <= 5; $i++) {
    echo $i . " ";
}
// Output: 1 2 3 4 5

While and Do-While

<?php
$n = 1;
while ($n <= 10) {
    echo $n . " ";
    $n++;
}

// do-while: executes at least once
do {
    echo "runs at least once";
    $count = 0;
} while ($count > 0);

Foreach — iterate over arrays

<?php
$fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"];
foreach ($fruits as $fruit) {
    echo $fruit . "
";
}

// Key => value
$person = ["name" => "Alice", "age" => 30];
foreach ($person as $key => $value) {
    echo "$key: $value
";
}