Swift(iOS/macOS)中的PDF生成:从简单到复杂
创建PDF文档是移动和桌面开发中的常见任务之一。在Apple平台(iOS/macOS)上,内置工具允许您无需第三方库即可生成高质量的PDF。在本文中,我们将介绍三种主要方法:UIGraphicsPDFRenderer(现代且简单)、PDFKit(用于处理现有PDF)和Core Graphics(用于完全控制)。所有示例均用Swift编写,适用于iOS和macOS(只需进行少量修改)。
1. UIGraphicsPDFRenderer — 现代标准
UIGraphicsPDFRenderer 在iOS 10和macOS 10.12中引入。它提供了一个用于创建多页PDF的高级API。主要优点包括:自动处理上下文、支持元数据以及易于使用。
基本示例:创建带文本的PDF
import UIKit
func generateSimplePDF() -> Data? { let pageWidth: CGFloat = 612 // A4 let pageHeight: CGFloat = 792 let renderer = UIGraphicsPDFRenderer(bounds: CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: pageWidth, height: pageHeight)) let data = renderer.pdfData { context in // 第一页 context.beginPage() let text = "你好,PDF世界!" let attributes: [NSAttributedString.Key: Any] = [ .font: UIFont.systemFont(ofSize: 24), .foregroundColor: UIColor.black ] text.draw(at: CGPoint(x: 50, y: 50), withAttributes: attributes) // 第二页 context.beginPage() let secondText = "这是第二页" secondText.draw(at: CGPoint(x: 50, y: 50), withAttributes: attributes) } return data}
// 保存到文件if let pdfData = generateSimplePDF() { let documentsPath = FileManager.default.urls(for: .documentDirectory, in: .userDomainMask)[0] let pdfURL = documentsPath.appendingPathComponent("sample.pdf") try? pdfData.write(to: pdfURL) print("PDF已保存:\\(pdfURL)")}高级示例:表格和图像
func generateInvoicePDF() -> Data { let renderer = UIGraphicsPDFRenderer(bounds: CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 612, height: 792)) return renderer.pdfData { context in context.beginPage() // 绘制Logo(如果有) if let logo = UIImage(named: "logo") { logo.draw(in: CGRect(x: 50, y: 50, width: 100, height: 50)) } // 标题 let titleAttributes: [NSAttributedString.Key: Any] = [ .font: UIFont.boldSystemFont(ofSize: 28), .foregroundColor: UIColor.darkGray ] "发票号 #123".draw(at: CGPoint(x: 400, y: 50), withAttributes: titleAttributes) // 表格 let items = [("商品", "价格"), ("笔记本电脑", "1200$"), ("鼠标", "25$")] var yPosition: CGFloat = 200 for (name, price) in items { let nameAttributes: [NSAttributedString.Key: Any] = [ .font: UIFont.systemFont(ofSize: 14), .foregroundColor: UIColor.black ] name.draw(at: CGPoint(x: 100, y: yPosition), withAttributes: nameAttributes) price.draw(at: CGPoint(x: 400, y: yPosition), withAttributes: nameAttributes) yPosition += 30 } // 总计 let totalAttributes: [NSAttributedString.Key: Any] = [ .font: UIFont.boldSystemFont(ofSize: 18), .foregroundColor: UIColor.red ] "总计:1225$".draw(at: CGPoint(x: 350, y: yPosition + 20), withAttributes: totalAttributes) }}2. PDFKit — 处理现有PDF和注释
PDFKit 是一个更强大的框架,用