理论与实践

数据输入输出

任务

条件语句

任务

for循环

任务

字符串

任务

while循环

任务

列表

任务

二维数组

任务

字典

任务

集合

任务

函数与递归

任务

课程 5. While cycle

难度：

任务«范围内的第一个偶数»

💻 Python

在跳高比赛中，运动员轮流提交他们的成绩（以厘米为单位）。成绩数据会持续输入系统，直到输入数字0，表示比赛结束。

你作为主裁判的任务是——确定有多少名运动员取得了最高成绩并并列第一名。

输入格式

程序输入为一串自然数序列，每个数字占一行。序列以数字0结束。

输出格式

程序应输出一个整数——达到最高成绩的运动员人数。

示例

输入

180
190
185
190
188
190
0

输出

提示

While in python

In the Python programming language, the while loop construction can have an optional else block. This block is executed only when the loop completes in its natural way, that is, when its condition becomes false, and not as a result of a forced interruption using the break operator.

Syntax:

while condition:
    # the body of the loop
    # ...the code that runs on each iteration...
else:
    # else block
    # ...the code that is executed if the loop ended without a break...

You can think of the else block as a "plan B": it is triggered if the main goal within the loop (which is usually completed through a break) has not been achieved.

Usage example: Searching for an element

Consider a classic problem where we search for a number in a list. If a number is found, we immediately break the loop using break. If we have checked all the elements and still haven't found what we are looking for, the else block is executed.

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
target = 8 # Let's try to find a number that is not in the list.

index = 0
while index < len(numbers):
    if numbers[index] == target:
        print(f"Success! {target} found at {index}.")
break # Goal reached, exit the loop
    index += 1
else:
    # This block will be executed because break was not called
    print(f"The search is completed. {target} not found in the list.")

How it works:

The whileloop is executed as long as the index < len(numbers) condition is true.
Inside the loop, we check whether the current element is equal to the desired one (target).
If we find a value, a success message is displayed and the loop is immediately interrupted by the break statement. The else block is ignored in this case.
If the loop reaches the end (checked all the elements), it means that break has never worked. The index < len(numbers) condition becomes false, and then the else block is executed, reporting a failed search.

A useful tip: Using while...else helps to avoid "flagged" variables. Without this block, the code would look like this:

# Alternative version with "flag"
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
target = 8
found = False # Flag variable

index = 0
while index < len(numbers):
    if numbers[index] == target:
        found = True
        break
    index += 1

if found:
    print(f"Success! {target} found.")
else:
print(f"Search completed. {target} not found in the list.")

As you can see, the while...else construction makes the code cleaner, more concise, and more "Pythonic", eliminating the need to manually control the flag.

If `break` is missing

If there is no break operator in the body of the while loop, then the else block will always be executed after the loop ends.

count = 0
while count < 3:
print(f"Iteration number {count}")
count += 1
else:
print("The loop ended naturally, so the else block is executed.")

Here, the while loop runs until count is less than 3. As soon as count becomes 3, the loop condition becomes false, and control is transferred to the else block.

Important nuances

What about continue? The continue operator does not interrupt the loop, but only ends the current iteration ahead of schedule. It does not affect the execution of the else block in any way.
If the loop was never executed? If the while condition is initially false, the loop body will not be executed even once. However, the else block will still run, since the loop ended "normally" (it was not interrupted via break).

value = 10
while value < 5: # The condition is immediately false
    print("This text will never be printed")
else:
print("The cycle didn't even start, but it ended normally, so else worked.")

This also works for for loops! The same logic applies to for...else loops. The else block after for is executed if the cycle has passed through all the elements and has not been interrupted using break.

Output

The while...else construction is a powerful and elegant Python tool. It is ideal for situations where you need to perform an action only if the loop has completed its work completely without being interrupted. This is especially useful in search algorithms, condition checking, or when working with data streams, where break signals a special event, and else indicates a regular termination without any.

main.py

测试 1

测试 2

测试 3

测试 4

测试 5

测试 6

测试 7

测试 8

测试 9

测试 10

开发者解答

# Инициализируем переменные для хранения максимального значения и счетчика
max_val = 0
counter = 0

while True:
    # Считываем очередное число (результат спортсмена)
    n = int(input())

    # Если ввели 0, это сигнал для завершения цикла
    if n == 0:
        break

    # Сравниваем текущее число с максимальным найденным ранее
    if n > max_val:
        # Если мы нашли новый максимум, обновляем его
        max_val = n
        # и сбрасываем счетчик, так как это первый раз, когда мы видим этот новый максимум
        counter = 1
    elif n == max_val:
        # Если число равно текущему максимуму, просто увеличиваем счетчик
        counter += 1

# После завершения цикла выводим итоговый счетчик
print(counter)