النظرية والتطبيق

إدخال وإخراج البيانات

المهام

الشروط

المهام

حلقة for

المهام

السلاسل النصية

المهام

حلقة while

المهام

القوائم

المهام

مصفوفات ثنائية الأبعاد

المهام

القواميس

المهام

المجموعات

المهام

الدوال والتكرار

المهام

درس 1. Entering and output of data

الصعوبة:

مسألة«المسار إلى الملف»

💻 Python

أنت تقوم بتطوير برنامج لإدارة الملفات يساعد المستخدمين في العثور بسهولة على الملفات المناسبة والعمل معها على أجهزة الكمبيوتر الخاصة بهم. يطلب البرنامج اسم الملف والمسار إليه، ثم يعرض المسار الكامل للملف لمزيد من العمل.

تنسيق الإدخال

يحتوي السطر الأول على اسم ملف الامتداد.
يحتوي السطر الثاني على المسار إلى الملف حيث يتم فصل الأدلة (المجلدات) بمسافات. سيكون عدد الأدلة دائمًا 4.

تنسيق الإخراج

سطر واحد، وهو مسار كامل للملف حيث يتم تقسيم المجلدات واسم الملف بواسطة الرمز & nbsp; /.

مثال

إدخال

تقرير.xlsx
ج: المستخدمون التقارير العامة

إخراج

C: /users/public/reports/report.xlsx

تلميح

Reading multiple variables from a single line

Python has a convenient way to count multiple variables in a single input() call. This is especially useful in tasks where data is served in a single line, separated by some character (most often a space).

How it works:

input() reads the entire string, for example "20 30".
The .split() method "cuts" this string by the specified separator (by default, by a space) and creates a list of strings: ['20', '30'].
Function map(int, ...) applies the int (integer conversion) function to each element of this list. The result is a special map object.
Finally, Python "unpacks" this object using the variables a and b.

Example: Input:

20 30

Reading:

a, b = map(int, input().split()) # float can be used if fractional numbers are needed
print(a, b) # outputs 20 30
print(type(a)) # outputs <class 'int'>

Useful tips:

If the numbers are separated not by a space, but, for example, by a comma (input: 20,30), specify this in the split() method: input().split(',').
Make sure that the number of variables to the left of = matches the number of values in the row. If they do not match, the program will return the error ValueError.

Three types of division

There are three different division operators in Python, and each one serves a different purpose.

/ Ordinary (real) division This operator always returns a fractional number (float) as a result, even if the numbers are completely divisible.
```
a = 27
b = 10
print(a/5) # outputs 5.4
print(b/2) # outputs 5.0 (note, not 5, but 5.0)
```
// Integer division This operator performs division and discards the fractional part, returning an integer (int). It sort of answers the question "how many times does one number fit entirely into another?".
```
a = 27
print(a// 5) # outputs 5 (because 5 is placed in 27 five full times)
```

% The remainder of the division (modulo division) This operator returns what is "left" after the integer division.

a = 27
print(a %5) # outputs 2
 Logic: the nearest number to 27 that is divisible by 5 without remainder is 25. 
# Difference: 27-25 = 2.

Practical application %: The most common use of the % operator is the parity check. Any even number is divisible by 2 without remainder, and an odd number is divisible by 1.

a = 27
b = 14
print(f"Is {a} an odd number? The remainder of the division by 2: {a %2}") # outputs 1
print(f"Is {b} an even number? The remainder of the division by 2: {b %2}") # outputs 0

Exponentiation

To exponentiate a number in Python, the ** operator is used.

a = 2
b = 3
print(a**3) # outputs 8 (2 to the power of 3)
print(b**2) # outputs 9(3 to the power of 2)

Useful tips:

To extract the square root, you can raise the number to the power of 0.5.
```
print(9**0.5) # outputs 3.0
```
There is also a built-in function pow(a,b) that does the same thing as a**b.
```
print(pow(2, 3)) # outputs 8
```

print() function and string formatting

The print() function outputs data to the screen. Simply adding strings and variables using + is inconvenient, since numbers need to be constantly converted into strings using str(). Modern Python offers more elegant ways.

f-strings (f-strings) - recommended method: This is the most modern, fastest and most readable way. The string is preceded by the letter f, and variables or expressions are specified inside curly braces {}.

name = "Alice"
age = 30
print(f"Name: {name}, Age: {age}")
# Output: Name: Alice, Age: 30

Advantage: you can perform operations right inside the brackets.

print(f"In a year she will be {age + 1}")
# Conclusion: In a year she will be 31

The .format() method is an older, but still relevant method: Empty curly braces {} are placed in the line, and after the line the .format() method is called, to which variables are passed.

name = "Alice"
age = 30
print("Name: {}, Age: {}".format(name, age))
# Output: Name: Alice, Age: 30

Useful tips for print():

Separator sep: By default, print separates its arguments with a space. This can be changed.
```
print(1, 2, 3, sep="-") # outputs 1-2-3
```
Ending end: By default, print adds a newline after the output \n. This can also be changed so that the following print outputs continue on the same line.
```
print("Hello,", end="")
print("world!")
# The output will be in one line: Hello, world!
```

main.py

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حل المطور

# Считываем имя файла с первой строки
file_name = input()
# Считываем путь со второй строки и сразу разделяем его по пробелам на список частей
path_parts1,path_parts2,path_parts3,path_parts4 = input().split()
# Формируем полный путь, добавляя к пути имя файла через "/"
full_path = path_parts1+ "/" +path_parts2+ "/" +path_parts3+ "/" +path_parts4+ "/" +file_name
# Выводим результат
print(full_path)