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Leçon 1. Entering and output of data
Difficulté :
Exercice«Chemin du fichier»
💻 Python
Vous développez un programme de gestion de fichiers qui aide les utilisateurs à trouver et à travailler facilement avec les fichiers appropriés sur leur ordinateur. Le programme demande le nom du fichier et le chemin d'accès, puis affiche le chemin complet vers le fichier pour un travail ultérieur.
Format d entrée
La première ligne contient le nom du fichier d'extension.
La deuxième ligne contient le chemin vers le fichier où les catalogues (dossiers) sont séparés par des espaces. Les catalogues seront toujours au nombre de 4.
Format de sortie
Une ligne, qui est un chemin complet vers le fichier où les répertoires et le nom du fichier sont séparés par le symbole & nbsp;
Exemple
Entrée
Report.xlsx
C: Users Public Reports
Sortie
C : /utilisateurs/public/rapports/rapport.xlsx
Indice
Reading multiple variables from a single line
Python has a convenient way to count multiple variables in a single input() call. This is especially useful in tasks where data is served in a single line, separated by some character (most often a space).
How it works:
input()reads the entire string, for example"20 30".- The
.split()method "cuts" this string by the specified separator (by default, by a space) and creates a list of strings:['20', '30']. - Function
map(int, ...)applies theint(integer conversion) function to each element of this list. The result is a specialmapobject. - Finally, Python "unpacks" this object using the variables
aandb.
Example: Input:
20 30
Reading:
a, b = map(int, input().split()) # float can be used if fractional numbers are needed
print(a, b) # outputs 20 30
print(type(a)) # outputs <class 'int'>
Useful tips:
- If the numbers are separated not by a space, but, for example, by a comma (input:
20,30), specify this in thesplit()method:input().split(','). - Make sure that the number of variables to the left of
=matches the number of values in the row. If they do not match, the program will return the errorValueError.
Three types of division
There are three different division operators in Python, and each one serves a different purpose.
-
/Ordinary (real) division This operator always returns a fractional number (float) as a result, even if the numbers are completely divisible.a = 27 b = 10 print(a/5) # outputs 5.4 print(b/2) # outputs 5.0 (note, not 5, but 5.0) -
//Integer division This operator performs division and discards the fractional part, returning an integer (int). It sort of answers the question "how many times does one number fit entirely into another?".a = 27 print(a// 5) # outputs 5 (because 5 is placed in 27 five full times) -
%The remainder of the division (modulo division) This operator returns what is "left" after the integer division.a = 27 print(a %5) # outputs 2 Logic: the nearest number to 27 that is divisible by 5 without remainder is 25. # Difference: 27-25 = 2.
Practical application %: The most common use of the % operator is the parity check. Any even number is divisible by 2 without remainder, and an odd number is divisible by 1.
a = 27
b = 14
print(f"Is {a} an odd number? The remainder of the division by 2: {a %2}") # outputs 1
print(f"Is {b} an even number? The remainder of the division by 2: {b %2}") # outputs 0
Exponentiation
To exponentiate a number in Python, the ** operator is used.
a = 2
b = 3
print(a**3) # outputs 8 (2 to the power of 3)
print(b**2) # outputs 9(3 to the power of 2)
Useful tips:
- To extract the square root, you can raise the number to the power of
0.5.print(9**0.5) # outputs 3.0 - There is also a built-in function
pow(a,b)that does the same thing asa**b.print(pow(2, 3)) # outputs 8
print() function and string formatting
The print() function outputs data to the screen. Simply adding strings and variables using + is inconvenient, since numbers need to be constantly converted into strings using str(). Modern Python offers more elegant ways.
f-strings (f-strings) - recommended method: This is the most modern, fastest and most readable way. The string is preceded by the letter f, and variables or expressions are specified inside curly braces {}.
name = "Alice"
age = 30
print(f"Name: {name}, Age: {age}")
# Output: Name: Alice, Age: 30
Advantage: you can perform operations right inside the brackets.
print(f"In a year she will be {age + 1}")
# Conclusion: In a year she will be 31
The .format() method is an older, but still relevant method: Empty curly braces {} are placed in the line, and after the line the .format() method is called, to which variables are passed.
name = "Alice"
age = 30
print("Name: {}, Age: {}".format(name, age))
# Output: Name: Alice, Age: 30
Useful tips for print():
- Separator
sep: By default,printseparates its arguments with a space. This can be changed.print(1, 2, 3, sep="-") # outputs 1-2-3 - Ending
end: By default,printadds a newline after the output\n. This can also be changed so that the following print outputs continue on the same line.print("Hello,", end="") print("world!") # The output will be in one line: Hello, world!
main.py
Test 1
Test 2
Test 3
Test 4
Test 5
Test 6
Test 7
Test 8
Test 9
Test 10
Solution du développeur
# Считываем имя файла с первой строки
file_name = input()
# Считываем путь со второй строки и сразу разделяем его по пробелам на список частей
path_parts1,path_parts2,path_parts3,path_parts4 = input().split()
# Формируем полный путь, добавляя к пути имя файла через "/"
full_path = path_parts1+ "/" +path_parts2+ "/" +path_parts3+ "/" +path_parts4+ "/" +file_name
# Выводим результат
print(full_path)
