What is the difference between regular cast, static_cast and dynamic_cast in C++?

Hello colleagues! I'm learning C++ and I'm confused about type casts. Textbooks often say: "avoid C-style cast" but don't explain why. I'm writing a simple class hierarchy: there's a base class `Shape` and derived classes `Circle` and `Rectangle`. When I try to convert a pointer from `Shape*` to `Circle*`, I use a regular C-style cast: `(Circle*)shape_ptr`. It seems to work, but sometimes the compiler complains or the program crashes. Then I learned about `static_cast` and `dynamic_cast`. Here's an example that confuses me: ```cpp class Shape { public: virtual ~Shape() {} }; class Circle : public Shape { public: void drawCircle() { /* ... */ } }; class Rectangle : public Shape { public: void drawRect() { /* ... */ } }; void process(Shape* s) { // Option 1: C-style cast Circle* c1 = (Cir