Survey: Which Rust Frameworks Are Used in Production in 2025

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Survey: Which Rust Frameworks Are Actually Used in Production

The Rust ecosystem continues to develop actively, and the question of choosing a framework for production projects remains one of the hottest. A recent survey conducted among professional Rust developers (sample — over 1,500 respondents using Rust in commercial development) provided an objective picture of the real tool landscape. We analyzed this data and share the key findings.

Actix Web: The Undisputed Leader

Despite the emergence of new competitors, Actix Web confidently holds the first place. It is used by about 38% of respondents for production workloads. The main reasons are the highest performance (benchmarks consistently show the best results), ecosystem maturity, and a huge number of ready-made middleware.

Advantages: async out of the box, HTTP/2 support, WebSocket, built-in actor framework.
Disadvantages: relatively steep learning curve, complexity of some internal abstractions.
Typical use cases: high-load APIs, microservices for fintech, real-time systems.

Axum: The Main Challenger to Actix

The rapid rise of Axum (part of the Tokio ecosystem) confirmed its status as the main competitor. Its usage share is 32%. Developers value it for its clean API, tight integration with tokio/tower, and modular architecture. Axum is especially popular in startups and new projects where development speed and code readability are important.

Strengths: use of standard Rust traits, extensibility via Tower Service, excellent documentation.
Weaknesses: fewer ready-made middleware compared to Actix, partially unstable API in early versions (but now stabilized).

Rocket, Warp, and Others: Niche Solutions

In third place with a share of 15% is Rocket — a framework chosen for its type-safe routes and excellent ergonomics. However, its use in production is limited: it did not support async/await at the level of stable nightly builds for a long time, which alienated part of the community.

Next come Warp (9%) and Tide (3%). Warp has earned a reputation as a concise filter-oriented framework, but it is harder to scale for large teams. Tide, despite support from the async-std team, is losing ground due to lower activity and a limited community.

Trends and Forecasts

The survey also revealed an interesting trend: "borrowing" approaches from other languages. For example, more and more teams are adopting axum-extra for working with forms and files (an analogue of FastAPI for Python). Additionally, the popularity of the Axum + SQLx stack for working with databases is growing — this stack is chosen by 44% of respondents.

Another important trend is the move away from "heavy" frameworks in favor of minimalist solutions based on hyper or warp. Developers want to control every aspect of the pipeline without paying extra for abstractions.