Survey: Which Java Frameworks Are Actually Used in Production in 2025

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Survey: Which Java Frameworks Are Used in Production

Java remains one of the most in-demand languages for enterprise solutions, but choosing a framework is not just a matter of development convenience—it is a strategic decision affecting performance, scalability, and maintenance costs. We conducted a survey among developers and DevOps engineers to find out which Java frameworks are actually used in production today, not just on demo stands.

More than 450 specialists from Russia, CIS countries, and Europe took part in the survey. Respondents work in companies ranging from startups to enterprise giants with loads exceeding 10,000 RPS. Here are the key results.

Market Leaders: Spring Boot and Micronaut

The undisputed champion remains Spring Boot—used by 67% of respondents. The Spring ecosystem (Spring Cloud, Spring Security, Spring Data) has become the de facto standard for microservice architecture and monoliths. Interestingly, the share of "pure" Spring without Boot has dropped to 8%—most are switching to auto-configuration.

In second place with 23% is Micronaut. This framework is gaining popularity due to:

fast startup (up to 5 times faster than Spring Boot in tests);
low memory consumption (suitable for Kubernetes and serverless);
support for GraalVM Native Image.

Micronaut is especially popular in startups and projects with tight cloud resource budgets.

The Dark Horse: Quarkus

Quarkus (14% of respondents) confidently occupies the niche of "container soup." Its main advantage is ultra-fast compilation into native code via GraalVM. However, respondents note that Quarkus requires rethinking familiar patterns (CDI, Hibernate), and its adoption is justified only with a high share of serverless and Knative.

Interesting fact: 40% of developers who tried Quarkus returned to Spring Boot due to a lack of mature libraries.

Enterprise Segment: Jakarta EE and WildFly

Classic Jakarta EE (formerly Java EE) is used by 11% of respondents, primarily in the banking sector and government systems. Application servers (WildFly, Payara, Open Liberty) remain in demand where strict certification and long-term support (LTS) are required.

Separately, Helidon (Oracle) should be noted—its share grew to 5% due to integration with Oracle Cloud and support for reactive models.

Trends and Conclusions

Based on the survey, several key trends can be identified:

Moving away from heavy application servers—78% of new projects start on lightweight frameworks (Spring Boot, Micronaut, Quarkus).
Hybrid solutions—30% of teams combine Spring Boot for business logic and Quarkus for high-load endpoints.
Native compilation—34% of respondents consider GraalVM a mandatory element of the production stack by 2026.
Security—60% of respondents chose a framework based on built-in audit mechanisms and OAuth.